{"id":134052,"date":"2023-01-19T21:01:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T19:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=134052"},"modified":"2023-01-19T17:04:55","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T15:04:55","slug":"halala-elott-zseni-utana-orult-mara-legenda-lett-edgar-allan-poe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=134052&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Hal\u00e1la el\u0151tt zseni, ut\u00e1na \u0151r\u00fclt, m\u00e1ra legenda lett Edgar Allan Poe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B\u00e1r t\u00f6bb mint k\u00e9t \u00e9vsz\u00e1zada sz\u00fcletett Edgar Allan Poe, irodalmi \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge a mai napig fennmaradt vil\u00e1gszerte, hagyat\u00e9ka egyedi, k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e9s meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 a kult\u00fara sz\u00e1mos ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. Sz\u00fclet\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l kezdve k\u00fczd\u00f6tt \u00f6nmag\u00e1val, a vil\u00e1ggal, a tehets\u00e9ggel \u00e9s a szakm\u00e1val. Hi\u00e1ba az egyik legismertebb alkot\u00f3, \u00e9let\u00e9nek t\u00f6bb k\u00e9rd\u00e9se m\u00e1ig rejt\u00e9ly.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ea-poe-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-134053\" srcset=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ea-poe-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ea-poe-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ea-poe-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ea-poe.jpg 1108w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1809. janu\u00e1r 19. \u2013 Boston v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban, k\u00e9t sz\u00edn\u00e9sz gyermekek\u00e9nt megsz\u00fcletett Edgar Poe, de hamar megsz\u0171nt m\u00f6g\u00f6tte a biztos csal\u00e1di h\u00e1tt\u00e9r. Apja egy\u00e9ves kor\u00e1ban elhagyta \u0151ket, \u00e9desanyja pedig tuberkul\u00f3zisban halt meg, Poe k\u00e9t\u00e9ves kor\u00e1ban. Szerencs\u00e9j\u00e9re a j\u00f3m\u00f3d\u00fa Allan csal\u00e1d befogadta \u0151t, tisztes neveltet\u00e9st \u00e9s meg\u00e9lhet\u00e9si alapot kapott, k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 neve is innen ered. Nevel\u0151apj\u00e1val, John Allannel kett\u0151s volt a viszonya, aki sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges m\u00f3don, egyszer kem\u00e9ny, atyai szigorral, m\u00e1sszor elk\u00e9nyeztetve nevelte fogadott fi\u00e1t. John Allan sikeres keresked\u0151 volt, aki a legk\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9l\u00e9bb \u201eport\u00e9k\u00e1kban\u201d utazott doh\u00e1nyt\u00f3l elkezdve s\u00edrk\u00f6veken \u00e1t, eg\u00e9szen a rabszolg\u00e1kig.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin\u00e9dzser \u00e9veiben sz\u00e1mtalanszor v\u00e1ltott iskol\u00e1t \u00e9s lakhelyet k\u00f6vetve az Allan csal\u00e1dot. Egyetemi tanulm\u00e1nyai nem siker\u00fcltek a legf\u00e9nyesebben, az akkor 17 \u00e9ves Poe-nak ez id\u0151 alatt megromlott kapcsolata akkori menyasszony\u00e1val, aki v\u00e9g\u00fcl egy m\u00e1sik f\u00e9rfit v\u00e1lasztott, valamint John Allan is megvonta a fi\u00fat\u00f3l a csal\u00e1d t\u00e1mogat\u00e1s\u00e1t, mikor f\u00e9ny der\u00fclt Poe t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6sen felhalmozott szerencsej\u00e1t\u00e9k-tartoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra. 18 \u00e9vesen ott is hagyta az iskol\u00e1t, majd 1827 \u00e1prilis\u00e1ban Bostonba k\u00f6lt\u00f6z\u00f6tt, ahol alkalmi munk\u00e1kb\u00f3l tartotta fenn mag\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sosem volt egy \u00e1tlagos sr\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e9g\u00fcl p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi sz\u00fcks\u00e9gb\u0151l m\u00e1jusban be\u00e1llt a seregbe Edgar A. Perry n\u00e9ven, ahol azt hazudta 18 helyett, hogy 22 \u00e9ves. M\u00e9g ebben az \u00e9vben kiadta els\u0151 k\u00f6nyv\u00e9t Tamerlane and Other Poems c\u00edmen. K\u00e9t \u00e9v szolg\u00e1lat ut\u00e1n a West Point katonai akad\u00e9mi\u00e1n kezdett el tanulni, ekkor kapta els\u0151 igazi irodalmi elismer\u00e9s\u00e9t John Neal kritikust\u00f3l, mely hatalmas lend\u00fcletet adott k\u00e9s\u0151bbi munk\u00e1ss\u00e1g\u00e1nak. K\u00e9t \u00e9v ut\u00e1n elhagyta a katonai akad\u00e9mi\u00e1t, ahov\u00e1 nevel\u0151apja k\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re jelentkezett. Kettej\u00fck viszonya v\u00e9g\u00e9rv\u00e9nyesen megromlott, ami od\u00e1ig fajult, hogy Allan kitagadta Poe-t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en New Yorkba ment, \u00e9s \u00e9let\u00e9t az \u00edr\u00e1snak szentelte. Az els\u0151 olyan alkot\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozott Amerik\u00e1ban, akik kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag \u00edr\u00e1sb\u00f3l pr\u00f3b\u00e1lt\u00e1k fenntartani magukat. Ez annak idej\u00e9n nem volt k\u00f6nny\u0171 feladat, mivel az amerikai kiad\u00f3k a helyi alkot\u00f3k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sa helyett ink\u00e1bb a brit irodalom importj\u00e1t szorgalmazt\u00e1k. Poe fokozatosan t\u00e9rt \u00e1t a k\u00f6lt\u00e9szetr\u0151l a pr\u00f3zai ir\u00e1nyba, \u00e9s b\u00e1r k\u00e9s\u0151bbi munk\u00e1i k\u00f6z\u00f6tt szerepelnek olyan ikonikus versek, mint A holl\u00f3, h\u00faszas \u00e9vei v\u00e9g\u00e9t\u0151l f\u0151 f\u00f3kusza a pr\u00f3zai ir\u00e1nyon volt. Az \u00e9lete persze ett\u0151l se lett egyszer\u0171bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Edgar Allan Poe\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"667ef67d142f6\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d38q3SBfNsw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"667ef67d142f6\");<\/script><noscript><iframe title=\"Edgar Allan Poe\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"6a21c56a085ab\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d38q3SBfNsw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"6a21c56a085ab\");<\/script><noscript><iframe title=\"Edgar Allan Poe\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"667ef67d142f6\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d38q3SBfNsw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"667ef67d142f6\");<\/script><noscript><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Edgar Allan Poe\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d38q3SBfNsw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript><\/noscript>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Balj\u00f3s jelek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sz\u00e1mtalan \u00fajs\u00e1gn\u00e1l \u00e9s magazinn\u00e1l dolgozott, k\u00f6zt\u00fck olyan, a korszakot meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 lapokn\u00e1l, mint a Graham&#8217;s Magazine, a Broadway Journal, vagy a Southern Literary Messenger. Volt n\u00e9h\u00e1ny sikertelen pr\u00f3b\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sa politikai k\u00f6r\u00f6kbe val\u00f3 beker\u00fcl\u00e9sre is, de a rendszeres alkoholprobl\u00e9m\u00e1i g\u00e1tat szabtak t\u00f6rekv\u00e9seinek. Ebben az id\u0151szakban vette feles\u00e9g\u00fcl Virginia Clemmt, akihez rokoni sz\u00e1lak is f\u0171zt\u00e9k, r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul a kettej\u00fck k\u00f6zti kork\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g miatt az esk\u00fcv\u0151n hazudni is kellett Clemm \u00e9letkor\u00e1r\u00f3l. 1842-ben Poe feles\u00e9ge \u2013 kor\u00e1n elvesztett anyj\u00e1hoz hasonl\u00f3an \u2013 kezd\u0151d\u0151 tuberkul\u00f3zis jeleit mutatta, 1847-ben pedig, k\u00f6zel t\u00edz \u00e9v h\u00e1zass\u00e1g ut\u00e1n Clemm belehalt a betegs\u00e9gbe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00e9t \u00e9vre r\u00e1, 1849-ben Edgar Allan Poe is meghalt, b\u00e1r a k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek a mai napig tiszt\u00e1zatlanok. Okt\u00f3ber harmadik\u00e1n tal\u00e1ltak r\u00e1, nem volt teljesen besz\u00e1m\u00edthat\u00f3 \u00e9s s\u00fcrg\u0151s eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi seg\u00edts\u00e9gre szorult. N\u00e9gy napot t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt k\u00f3rh\u00e1zban, miel\u0151tt okt\u00f3ber hetedik\u00e9n meghalt, de hogy pontosan mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt vele, azt t\u0151le sem tudt\u00e1k meg, mert nem volt el\u00e9g ideig mag\u00e1n\u00e1l ahhoz, hogy kik\u00e9rdezz\u00e9k a k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyekr\u0151l. Ami tov\u00e1bb kusz\u00e1lta a t\u00f6rt\u00e9net fonal\u00e1t, hogy mikor r\u00e1tal\u00e1ltak, nem a saj\u00e1t ruh\u00e1it viselte. \u00d6nk\u00edv\u00fcleti \u00e1llapot\u00e1ban t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r emlegette a \u201eReynolds\u201d nevet, de nem siker\u00fclt kider\u00edteni, hogy kire \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt pr\u00f3b\u00e1lt utalni Poe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u00edron t\u00fal is t\u00e1madt\u00e1k<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hal\u00e1l\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151en egykori bar\u00e1tja, majd k\u00e9s\u0151bbi riv\u00e1lisa \u00e9s ellenl\u00e1basa, Rufus Wilmot Griswold egy hamis\u00edtott memo\u00e1rt adott ki Poe \u00e9let\u00e9r\u0151l, melyben val\u00f3tlan tartalm\u00fa levelekre alapozva pr\u00f3b\u00e1lta meggy\u0151zni a k\u00f6zv\u00e9lem\u00e9nyt arr\u00f3l, hogy Poe \u0151r\u00fclt volt, aki ak\u00e1r m\u00e9g az okkultizmushoz is k\u00f6thet\u0151. B\u00e1r az \u00e1ltala felsorakoztatott bizony\u00edt\u00e9kok d\u00f6nt\u0151 t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge hamis volt, Edgar Allan Poe hal\u00e1l\u00e1t k\u00f6vet\u0151en nem sz\u00fcletett az \u00edr\u00f3r\u00f3l r\u00e9szletes memo\u00e1r ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl, \u00edgy k\u00f6nny\u0171 volt a k\u00f6zv\u00e9lem\u00e9nyt hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n ellene hangolni, valamint hagyat\u00e9k\u00e1t meggyal\u00e1zni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ennek ellen\u00e9re az id\u0151 Poe m\u0171v\u00e9szi erej\u00e9t \u00e9s meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9t igazolta. Karaktere nem csup\u00e1n a korszak irodalm\u00e1ban volt kimagasl\u00f3, alkot\u00f3k gener\u00e1ci\u00f3it inspir\u00e1lta \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokon \u00e1t, lenyomata pedig a mai napig akt\u00edvan jelen van irodalomban, zen\u00e9ben \u00e9s a filmvil\u00e1gban egyar\u00e1nt. B\u00e1r csup\u00e1n negyven \u00e9vet \u00e9lt, ezt az id\u0151szakot term\u00e9kenyen \u00e9s egyedien t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte ki, m\u0171vei pedig a mai napig aktu\u00e1lisak, egyszerre korh\u0171, m\u00e9gis id\u0151tlen alkot\u00e1sok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/index.hu\/kultur\/2023\/01\/19\/edgar-allan-poe-virginia-clemm-a-hollo-kviz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(index.hu)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00e1r t\u00f6bb mint k\u00e9t \u00e9vsz\u00e1zada sz\u00fcletett Edgar Allan Poe, irodalmi \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge a mai napig fennmaradt vil\u00e1gszerte, hagyat\u00e9ka egyedi, k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges \u00e9s meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 a kult\u00fara sz\u00e1mos ter\u00fclet\u00e9n. Sz\u00fclet\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l kezdve k\u00fczd\u00f6tt \u00f6nmag\u00e1val, a vil\u00e1ggal, a tehets\u00e9ggel \u00e9s a szakm\u00e1val. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":134053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,596,11,271,592,39],"tags":[450623,915,2744,2191],"class_list":["post-134052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek","category-erdekes","category-kiemelt-tema","category-kultura-hu","category-tarsadalom","category-vilag","tag-edgar-allan-poe","tag-eletrajz","tag-irodalom","tag-szuletesnap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=134052"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":134054,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134052\/revisions\/134054"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/134053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=134052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=134052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=134052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}