{"id":217682,"date":"2024-10-08T19:18:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T16:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=217682"},"modified":"2024-10-08T17:52:54","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T14:52:54","slug":"a-fizikai-nobel-dijat-a-mesterseges-intelligenciart-iteltek-oda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=217682&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"A fizikai Nobel-d\u00edjat a\u00a0mesters\u00e9ges intelligenci\u00e1rt \u00edt\u00e9lt\u00e9k oda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">John Hopfield \u00e9s Geoffrey Hinton nyert\u00e9k el a 2024-es fizikai Nobel-d\u00edjat, amelyet a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1s ter\u00e9n v\u00e9gzett kiemelked\u0151 munk\u00e1juk\u00e9rt kaptak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/70434355-1004-1024x448.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-217677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/70434355-1004-1024x448.webp 1024w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/70434355-1004-300x131.webp 300w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/70434355-1004-768x336.webp 768w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/70434355-1004.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az orvosi-\u00e9lettani kateg\u00f3ria ut\u00e1n kedden gazd\u00e1ra tal\u00e1lt a fizikai Nobel-d\u00edj is: az idei elismer\u00e9st John Hopfield \u00e9s Geoffrey Hinton megosztva kapt\u00e1k meg a Sv\u00e9d Kir\u00e1lyi Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mi\u00e1t\u00f3l azok\u00e9rt az \u201ealapvet\u0151 felfedez\u00e9sek\u00e9rt \u00e9s tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nyok\u00e9rt, amelyek lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1st a mesters\u00e9ges neur\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az akad\u00e9mia indokl\u00e1sa szerint John Hopfield, az amerikai Princeton Egyetem tud\u00f3sa egy olyan asszociat\u00edv mem\u00f3ri\u00e1t fejlesztett, amely k\u00e9pes t\u00e1rolni \u00e9s rekonstru\u00e1lni a k\u00e9peket \u00e9s m\u00e1s t\u00edpus\u00fa mint\u00e1kat az adatokban. Geoffrey Hinton, a kanadai Toront\u00f3i Egyetem kutat\u00f3ja egy m\u00f3dszert tal\u00e1lt fel, amely \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3an k\u00e9pes tulajdons\u00e1gokat keresni az adatokban, \u00edgy olyan feladatokat hajt v\u00e9gre, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul bizonyos elemek azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa a k\u00e9peken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amikor a mesters\u00e9ges intelligenci\u00e1r\u00f3l esik sz\u00f3, gyakran a mesters\u00e9ges neur\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokat haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1sra kell gondolni. Ezt a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t eredetileg az agy szerkezete ihlette. Egy mesters\u00e9ges neur\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zatban az agy neuronjainak k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 csom\u00f3pontok felelnek meg. Ezek a csom\u00f3pontok olyan kapcsolatokon kereszt\u00fcl hatnak egym\u00e1sra, amelyek a szinapszisokhoz \u2013 az agy neuronjait \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u0151 h\u00e1l\u00f3zathoz \u2013 hasonl\u00edthat\u00f3k, \u00e9s amelyek er\u0151s\u00edthet\u0151k vagy gyeng\u00edthet\u0151k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">BREAKING NEWS<br>The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2024 <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/NobelPrize?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#NobelPrize<\/a> in Physics to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton \u201cfor foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/94LT8opG79\">pic.twitter.com\/94LT8opG79<\/a><\/p>&mdash; The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NobelPrize\/status\/1843589140455272810?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 8, 2024<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u00fagy oktatj\u00e1k, hogy er\u0151sebb kapcsolatokat alak\u00edtanak ki a csom\u00f3pontok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt egyidej\u0171leg magas \u00e9rt\u00e9kekkel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eAz idei d\u00edjazottak az 1980-as \u00e9vekt\u0151l kezdve fontos munk\u00e1t v\u00e9geztek a mesters\u00e9ges neur\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokkal\u201d \u2013 emeli ki az akad\u00e9mia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hopfield egy olyan h\u00e1l\u00f3zatot tal\u00e1lt fel, amely egy speci\u00e1lis m\u00f3dszert haszn\u00e1l a mint\u00e1k ment\u00e9s\u00e9re (megtanul\u00e1sra) \u00e9s \u00fajraalkot\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A tud\u00f3s a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat eg\u00e9sz\u00e9t a fizik\u00e1ban fellelhet\u0151 spinrendszer \u2013 a spin minden atomot apr\u00f3 m\u00e1gness\u00e9 v\u00e1ltoztat \u2013 energi\u00e1j\u00e1val egyen\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 m\u00f3don \u00edrta le, \u00e9s a csom\u00f3pontok k\u00f6z\u00f6tti kapcsolatok \u00e9rt\u00e9keinek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1val k\u00e9pezi azt. A mentett k\u00e9pek \u00edgy alacsony energi\u00e1j\u00faak a h\u00e1l\u00f3zatban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amikor egy hi\u00e1nyos k\u00e9p \u00e1thalad a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat csom\u00f3pontjain, akkor friss\u00edti azok \u00e9rt\u00e9keit, \u00edgy a h\u00e1l\u00f3zat energi\u00e1ja cs\u00f6kken. Ennek k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en a rendszer l\u00e9p\u00e9sr\u0151l l\u00e9p\u00e9sre dolgozik, hogy megtal\u00e1lja azt a mentett k\u00e9pet, amely legink\u00e1bb hasonl\u00edt arra a t\u00f6red\u00e9kre, amit adatk\u00e9nt megkapott.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hinton az \u00fagynevezett Boltzmann-g\u00e9pet haszn\u00e1lta a munk\u00e1ja sor\u00e1n, ami megtanulhatja felismerni egy adott t\u00edpus\u00fa adat jellemz\u0151 elemeit. A g\u00e9pet olyan p\u00e9ld\u00e1k bet\u00e1pl\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1val k\u00e9pezik ki, amelyek nagy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel el\u0151fordulnak a g\u00e9p fut\u00e1sa sor\u00e1n. A Boltzmann-g\u00e9p haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 k\u00e9pek oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra vagy \u00faj p\u00e9ld\u00e1k l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra arra a mintat\u00edpusra, amelyre betan\u00edtott\u00e1k. Hinton erre a munk\u00e1ra \u00e9p\u00edtett, \u00e9s hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rult a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1s jelenlegi robban\u00e1sszer\u0171 fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek elind\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eA d\u00edjazottak munk\u00e1ja m\u00e1r eddig is komoly haszonnal j\u00e1rt. A fizik\u00e1ban sz\u00e1mos ter\u00fcleten haszn\u00e1lunk mesters\u00e9ges neur\u00e1lis h\u00e1l\u00f3zatokat, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u00faj, saj\u00e1tos tulajdons\u00e1gokkal rendelkez\u0151 anyagok kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9ben\u201d \u2013 mondja Ellen Moons, a Nobel Fizikai Bizotts\u00e1g eln\u00f6ke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A kit\u00fcntetettek 11 milli\u00f3 sv\u00e9d koron\u00e1n (388 milli\u00f3 forintnyi \u00f6sszegen) osztoznak. A d\u00edjat hagyom\u00e1nyosan december 10-\u00e9n, az elismer\u00e9st alap\u00edt\u00f3 Alfred Nobel hal\u00e1l\u00e1nak \u00e9vfordul\u00f3j\u00e1n adj\u00e1k \u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hvg.hu\/tudomany\/20241008_fizikai-nobel-dij-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(hvg.hu)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>John Hopfield \u00e9s Geoffrey Hinton nyert\u00e9k el a 2024-es fizikai Nobel-d\u00edjat, amelyet a g\u00e9pi tanul\u00e1s ter\u00e9n v\u00e9gzett kiemelked\u0151 munk\u00e1juk\u00e9rt kaptak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":217677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4000,41,49,598,39],"tags":[58225,8792,712],"class_list":["post-217682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actual-hu","category-cikkek","category-hirek","category-tudomany","category-vilag","tag-fizika","tag-mesterseges-intelligencia","tag-nobel-dij"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=217682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":217684,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217682\/revisions\/217684"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/217677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=217682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=217682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=217682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}