{"id":263857,"date":"2025-12-01T21:26:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T19:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=263857"},"modified":"2025-12-01T11:30:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T09:30:30","slug":"rendkivuli-kepessegeket-fejleszthetett-ki-egy-gombafaj-csernobilban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=263857&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Rendk\u00edv\u00fcli k\u00e9pess\u00e9geket fejleszthetett ki egy gombafaj Csernobilban"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Egy csernobili reaktor\u00e9p\u00fclet falain \u00e9l\u0151 fekete gomba az ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben nemcsak t\u00fal\u00e9l, hanem gyorsabban is n\u00f6vekszik \u2013 a jelens\u00e9get a melanin \u00e9s egy felt\u00e9telezett r\u00e1di\u00f3szint\u00e9zis magyar\u00e1zhatja, de a mechanizmus ma is vitatott \u2013 tud\u00f3s\u00edtott a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/chernobyl-fungus-appears-to-have-evolved-an-incredible-ability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ScienceAlert<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az emberek el\u0151l csaknem 40 \u00e9ve elz\u00e1rt csernobili kiz\u00e1r\u00e1si z\u00f3n\u00e1ban sok \u00e9l\u0151l\u00e9ny megtelepedett, amelyek \u00fagy t\u0171nik, nemcsak alkalmazkodtak, de egyes fajok l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lag gyarapodnak a k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges k\u00f6rnyezetben. Ennek egy r\u00e9sze az emberi behat\u00e1s hi\u00e1ny\u00e1val magyar\u00e1zhat\u00f3, \u00e1m egy \u00faj kutat\u00e1s szerint egy gombafaj fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t az ott maradt ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s is el\u0151nyt jelenthet.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/nuklearis-radioaktiv-figyelmeztetes-ukrajna-518653-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-263858\" srcset=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/nuklearis-radioaktiv-figyelmeztetes-ukrajna-518653-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/nuklearis-radioaktiv-figyelmeztetes-ukrajna-518653-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/nuklearis-radioaktiv-figyelmeztetes-ukrajna-518653-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/nuklearis-radioaktiv-figyelmeztetes-ukrajna-518653-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/nuklearis-radioaktiv-figyelmeztetes-ukrajna-518653.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A F\u00f6ld egyik legink\u00e1bb radioakt\u00edv \u00e9p\u00fclet\u00e9nek bels\u0151 falain burj\u00e1nz\u00f3 Cladosporium sphaerospermum gombafajt n\u00e9h\u00e1ny szak\u00e9rt\u0151 szerint s\u00f6t\u00e9t pigmentje, a melanin seg\u00edtheti abban, hogy az ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1st a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyek fotoszint\u00e9zis\u00e9hez hasonl\u00f3 m\u00f3don hasznos\u00edtsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezt a felt\u00e9telezett mechanizmust r\u00e1di\u00f3szint\u00e9zisnek nevezik. B\u00e1r a gomba sug\u00e1rz\u00e1sban kifejezetten j\u00f3l n\u00f6vekszik, a pontos hogyan \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt mindm\u00e1ig tiszt\u00e1zatlan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nellija Zsdanova, az Ukr\u00e1n Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia mikrobiol\u00f3gusa a kilencvenes \u00e9vek v\u00e9g\u00e9n vezetett el\u0151sz\u00f6r terepfelm\u00e9r\u00e9st a kiz\u00e1r\u00e1si z\u00f3n\u00e1ban, hogy felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pezz\u00e9k, mi maradt \u00e9letben a t\u00f6nkrement reaktort k\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00f6lel\u0151 v\u00e9d\u0151\u00e9p\u00edtm\u00e9nyben. Meglep\u0151 m\u00f3don a kutat\u00f3csoport \u00f6sszesen 37 gombafajt \u00edrtak le, k\u00f6zt\u00fck sok s\u00f6t\u00e9t, melaninban gazdag szervezetet. A mint\u00e1kban a C. sphaerospermum volt a leggyakoribb, \u00e9s ez viselte a legmagasabb radioakt\u00edv terhel\u00e9st is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A folytat\u00e1s csak n\u00f6velte az \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9st. Jekatyerina Dadacsova radiogy\u00f3gyszer\u00e9sz \u00e9s Arturo Casadevall immunol\u00f3gus csapata kimutatta, hogy az ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s nem k\u00e1ros\u00edtja a C. sphaerospermumot \u00fagy, mint m\u00e1s szervezeteket. Az ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s olyan r\u00e9szecske\u00e1ram, amely elektronokat l\u00f6k ki az atomokb\u00f3l, ionokat hozva l\u00e9tre.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/melanized-fungus-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-263860\" srcset=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/melanized-fungus-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/melanized-fungus-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/melanized-fungus-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/melanized-fungus.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A gyakorlatban molekul\u00e1kat szak\u00edt sz\u00e9t, biok\u00e9miai folyamatokat zavar meg, \u00e9s a DNS-t is roncsolhatja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ez az emberre rendk\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e1rtalmas \u2013 ugyanakkor ez\u00e9rt haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a r\u00e1ksejtek elpuszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A C. sphaerospermum ezzel szemben szokatlan ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1st mutatott, s\u0151t sug\u00e1rz\u00e1sban m\u00e9g gyorsabban is n\u00f6vekedett. M\u00e1s k\u00eds\u00e9rletek arra utaltak, hogy a sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s megv\u00e1ltoztatja a gombamelanin viselked\u00e9s\u00e9t, ami tov\u00e1bbi vizsg\u00e1latokat indokolt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dadacsova \u00e9s Casadevall egy 2008-as tanulm\u00e1nyban vetette fel el\u0151sz\u00f6r a fotoszint\u00e9zishez hasonl\u00f3 biol\u00f3giai k\u00e9pess\u00e9g lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. Eszerint a gomba \u2013 \u00e9s esetleg m\u00e1s, hasonl\u00f3 fajok \u2013 k\u00e9pes lehet az ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1st energi\u00e1v\u00e1 alak\u00edtani, a melanin pedig a klorofillhoz hasonl\u00f3 f\u00e9nyelnyel\u0151 szerepet t\u00f6lthet be. A melanin emellett v\u00e9d\u0151pajzsk\u00e9nt is viselkedhet a sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s k\u00e1ros hat\u00e1saival szemben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ezt t\u00e1masztj\u00e1k al\u00e1 egy 2022-es k\u00eds\u00e9rlet megfigyel\u00e9sei is, amelynek keret\u00e9ben a gombafajb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 mint\u00e1kat a Nemzetk\u00f6zi \u0170r\u00e1llom\u00e1s k\u00fcls\u0151 fel\u00fclet\u00e9re er\u0151s\u00edtve tett\u00e9k ki a kozmikus sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s teljes terhel\u00e9s\u00e9nek. A vizsg\u00e1lat c\u00e9lja nem a r\u00e1di\u00f3szint\u00e9zis igazol\u00e1sa volt, hanem a gomba lehets\u00e9ges sug\u00e1rz\u00e1sv\u00e9delmi alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1nak felm\u00e9r\u00e9se \u0171rmisszi\u00f3khoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Chernobyl footage inside reactor 4, the basment and the Elephants foot (1080p raised quality)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"692d60363c294\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VRk_Q_g3Ysc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"692d60363c294\");<\/script><noscript><iframe title=\"Chernobyl footage inside reactor 4, the basment and the Elephants foot (1080p raised quality)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"6a21763a6eed8\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VRk_Q_g3Ysc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"6a21763a6eed8\");<\/script><noscript><iframe title=\"Chernobyl footage inside reactor 4, the basment and the Elephants foot (1080p raised quality)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-mhmlazyloadvideo=\"692d60363c294\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VRk_Q_g3Ysc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><script data-plugin=\"mhm_lazyloadvideo\">mhmlazyloadvideo(\"692d60363c294\");<\/script><noscript><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Chernobyl footage inside reactor 4, the basment and the Elephants foot (1080p raised quality)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VRk_Q_g3Ysc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/noscript><\/noscript>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mindezek ellen\u00e9re tov\u00e1bbra sem tudni, pontosan mit csin\u00e1l a gomba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tud\u00f3sok mindeddig nem tudt\u00e1k kimutatni sem az ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s \u00e1ltal vez\u00e9relt sz\u00e9nmegk\u00f6t\u00e9st, sem az abb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 anyagcsere-el\u0151nyt, \u00e9s nem azonos\u00edtottak j\u00f3l k\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00edrt energiahasznos\u00edt\u00f3 \u00fatvonalat sem. Nils Averesch, a Stanford Egyetem m\u00e9rn\u00f6ke szerint a t\u00e9nyleges r\u00e1di\u00f3szint\u00e9zist, a sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s \u00e1ltal hajtott, nagyobb energiatartalm\u00fa form\u00e1kba t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 sz\u00e9nvegy\u00fclet-redukci\u00f3t \u00e9s a szervetlen sz\u00e9n megk\u00f6t\u00e9s\u00e9t eddig nem siker\u00fclt meggy\u0151z\u0151en igazolni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portfolio.hu\/global\/20251201\/rendkivuli-kepessegeket-fejleszthetett-ki-egy-csernobilban-burjanzo-gombafaj-803152\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(portfolio.hu)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Egy csernobili reaktor\u00e9p\u00fclet falain \u00e9l\u0151 fekete gomba az ioniz\u00e1l\u00f3 sug\u00e1rz\u00e1s jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9ben nemcsak t\u00fal\u00e9l, hanem gyorsabban is n\u00f6vekszik \u2013 a jelens\u00e9get a melanin \u00e9s egy felt\u00e9telezett r\u00e1di\u00f3szint\u00e9zis magyar\u00e1zhatja, de a mechanizmus ma is vitatott \u2013 tud\u00f3s\u00edtott a ScienceAlert.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":263858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,596,11,598,25,39],"tags":[9845,2852656,2852657],"class_list":["post-263857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek","category-erdekes","category-kiemelt-tema","category-tudomany","category-videok","category-vilag","tag-csernobil","tag-gombafaj","tag-kulonleges-kepessegek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=263857"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":263861,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/263857\/revisions\/263861"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/263858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=263857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=263857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=263857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}