{"id":8105,"date":"2020-03-18T23:08:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-18T21:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=8105"},"modified":"2020-03-18T12:30:56","modified_gmt":"2020-03-18T10:30:56","slug":"macskak-vedik-a-mukincseket-az-ermitazsban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/?p=8105&lang=hu","title":{"rendered":"Macsk\u00e1k v\u00e9dik a m\u0171kincseket az Ermit\u00e1zsban"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Az Ermit\u00e1zs macskalak\u00f3i a legenda szerint II. Katalin c\u00e1rn\u0151\n\u00f3ta v\u00e9delmezik a m\u0171kincseket a r\u00e1gcs\u00e1l\u00f3kt\u00f3l.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1764. m\u00e1rcius 16-\u00e1n alap\u00edtotta meg Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1rott Nagy\nKatalin orosz c\u00e1rn\u0151 a vil\u00e1g egyik legnagyobb \u00e9s legismertebb m\u00fazeum\u00e1t, az Ermit\u00e1zst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A m\u00fazeumegy\u00fcttes a Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1r k\u00f6zpontj\u00e1ban fekv\u0151 Palota t\u00e9r\nN\u00e9va foly\u00f3 fel\u0151li oldal\u00e1n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, mellette az Admiralit\u00e1s, vele szemben a\nVez\u00e9rkar \u00e9p\u00fclete \u00e1ll. A hatalmas anyagnak \u00f6t \u00e9p\u00fclet ad otthont: a T\u00e9li Palota,\na Kis Ermit\u00e1zs, a R\u00e9gi \u00e9s az \u00daj Ermit\u00e1zs, valamint az Ermit\u00e1zs Sz\u00ednh\u00e1z. A T\u00e9li\nPalot\u00e1t 1703-ban kezdte \u00e9p\u00edttetni Nagy P\u00e9ter, a hatalmas barokk \u00e9p\u00fclet f\u00e9ny\u0171z\u0151 d\u00edsz\u00edt\u00e9se\na kor b\u00e1rmely uralkod\u00f3j\u00e1nak palot\u00e1j\u00e1val felveszi a versenyt, a T\u00e9li Palota \u00e9s\naz Ermit\u00e1zs is carrarai m\u00e1rv\u00e1nnyal, gr\u00e1nittal, aranyozott b\u00fatorokkal, intarzi\u00e1s\najt\u00f3kkal \u00e9s mennyezettel, gobelinekkel, velencei csill\u00e1rokkal d\u00edsz\u00edtett.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"431\" src=\"http:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a-regi-ermitazs-1826-ban.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a-regi-ermitazs-1826-ban.jpg 630w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a-regi-ermitazs-1826-ban-300x205.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><figcaption>A R\u00e9gi Ermit\u00e1zs 1826-ban<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A m\u00fazeum alapj\u00e1t egy berlini keresked\u0151 gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nye k\u00e9pezte,\namelyet a c\u00e1rn\u0151 1764 elej\u00e9n v\u00e1s\u00e1rolt meg, II. Frigyes porosz kir\u00e1ly orra el\u0151l. A\nkollekci\u00f3 \u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9p\u00fclt a k\u00e9temeletes Kis Ermit\u00e1zs, amely a barokk \u00e9s a\nneoklasszicizmus st\u00edlusjegyeit egyes\u00edtette. Az 1775-re befejezett \u00e9p\u00fclet egyben\nmened\u00e9kk\u00e9nt is szolg\u00e1lt Katalin sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, ahol bizalmasaival sz\u00f3rakozhatott \u2013 innen\naz ermit\u00e1zs elnevez\u00e9s (franci\u00e1ul az hermitage remetelakot jelent). Amikor az\negyre gyarapod\u00f3 gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny \u00e9s a c\u00e1rn\u0151 k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1ra m\u00e1r nem f\u00e9rt el itt, Katalin\nmeg\u00e9p\u00edttette a k\u00e9s\u0151bb R\u00e9gi Ermit\u00e1zs n\u00e9ven ismertt\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, az els\u0151 \u00e9p\u00fclettel\nharmoniz\u00e1l\u00f3 h\u00e1romemeletes palot\u00e1t, s ugyancsak 1787-re fejezt\u00e9k be az Ermit\u00e1zs\nSz\u00ednh\u00e1z \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t is, ahol a b\u00e1lokat \u00e9s mulats\u00e1gokat rendezt\u00e9k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A IX. sz\u00e1zad k\u00f6zep\u00e9n \u00e9p\u00fclt meg a R\u00e9gi Ermit\u00e1zs m\u00f6g\u00f6tt az \u00daj\nErmit\u00e1zs, az itt tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 m\u0171kincsekb\u0151l 1852-ben ny\u00edlt meg a nagyk\u00f6z\u00f6ns\u00e9g \u00e1ltal\nis l\u00e1togathat\u00f3 Birodalmi Ermit\u00e1zs M\u00fazeum. A monarchia buk\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n, 1917-ben az \u00faj\nbolsevik korm\u00e1ny az Ermit\u00e1zst \u00e9s a c\u00e1rok lakhely\u00e9\u00fcl szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 T\u00e9li Palot\u00e1t \u00e1llami\nm\u00fazeumm\u00e1 nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtotta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az Ermit\u00e1zs anyag\u00e1t a h\u00faszas \u00e9vekben az \u00e1llamos\u00edtott mag\u00e1ngy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyek\ngyarap\u00edtott\u00e1k. A m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban, m\u00e9g miel\u0151tt a n\u00e9met gy\u0171r\u0171 bez\u00e1rult\nvolna az akkor Leningr\u00e1dnak nevezett v\u00e1ros k\u00f6r\u00fcl, a teljes kollekci\u00f3t az Ural m\u00f6g\u00e9,\nSzverdlovszkba (ma: Jekatyerinburg) sz\u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k. A blok\u00e1d megt\u00f6r\u00e9se ut\u00e1n az \u00e9p\u00fcletekben\nkeletkezett k\u00e1rokat helyre\u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k, a m\u00fazeum m\u00e9g 1945-ben \u00fajra megny\u00edlt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Az Ermit\u00e1zs M\u00fazeum t\u00f6bb mint 4 milli\u00f3 darabos gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nnyel\nrendelkezik, ennek m\u00e9g az 535 termes T\u00e9li Palot\u00e1ban is csak kis r\u00e9sze f\u00e9r el, a\nt\u00f6bbi rakt\u00e1rakban pihen. Az \u00e9p\u00fcletben m\u00e9g \u00edgy is 22 kilom\u00e9tert kell annak gyalogolnia,\naki a teljes ki\u00e1ll\u00edtott gy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny minden egyes darabj\u00e1t meg szeretn\u00e9 tekinteni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nyben az olasz renesz\u00e1nsz, a holland barokk,\nflamand \u00e9s francia mesterek alkot\u00e1sai tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k, k\u00f6zt\u00fck olyan m\u0171v\u00e9szek\nremekei, mint Raffaello, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Rubens, Monet,\nRenoir, C\u00e9zanne, Van Gogh \u00e9s Picasso, megtekinthet\u0151 a tr\u00f3nterem, t\u00f6bb c\u00e1ri hint\u00f3.\nAz Ermit\u00e1zs f\u00e9ltett kincsei k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a vil\u00e1gon egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 szk\u00edta fegyver-\n\u00e9s \u00e9kszergy\u0171jtem\u00e9ny, a vil\u00e1g egyetlen, a sz\u00e1sz\u00e1nida Ir\u00e1nb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 ez\u00fcstgy\u0171jtem\u00e9nye,\nitt tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 a vil\u00e1g egyik leg\u00e9rt\u00e9kesebb numizmatikai gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nye, a leg\u00e9rt\u00e9kesebb\narany- \u00e9s dr\u00e1gak\u0151 m\u0171kincseket az Arany- \u00e9s Gy\u00e9m\u00e1ntszoba rejti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"421\" src=\"http:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a-ermitazs-macskaja.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a-ermitazs-macskaja.jpg 630w, https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/a-ermitazs-macskaja-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A m\u00fazeumnak n\u00e9gyl\u00e1b\u00fa \u0151rosztaga is van: az Ermit\u00e1zs macskalak\u00f3it\na legenda szerint m\u00e9g Katalin idej\u00e9n vitt\u00e9k Kazanyb\u00f3l Szentp\u00e9terv\u00e1rra, s \u0151k az\u00f3ta\nv\u00e9delmezik a m\u0171t\u00e1rgyakat a r\u00e1gcs\u00e1l\u00f3kt\u00f3l. Mivel a macsk\u00e1k k\u00f6r\u00e9ben \u2013 l\u00e9v\u00e9n\nszapora \u00e1llatok \u2013 egy id\u0151 ut\u00e1n er\u0151s munkan\u00e9lk\u00fclis\u00e9g mutatkozott, \u00e9vente\nmacskanapon gy\u0171jtenek adom\u00e1nyokat \u00e9s keresnek gazd\u00e1t a felesleges cic\u00e1knak. Az\nErmit\u00e1zs ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sait \u00e9vente k\u00e9t-h\u00e1rom milli\u00f3an l\u00e1togatj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(mult-kor.hu)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Az Ermit\u00e1zs macskalak\u00f3i a legenda szerint II. Katalin c\u00e1rn\u0151 \u00f3ta v\u00e9delmezik a m\u0171kincseket a r\u00e1gcs\u00e1l\u00f3kt\u00f3l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":8107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,596,271,39],"tags":[3797,892],"class_list":["post-8105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cikkek","category-erdekes","category-kultura-hu","category-vilag","tag-ermitazs","tag-tortenelem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8105\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/life.karpat.in.ua\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}